Breast Cancer Lymphedema: Role of Insulin Resistance/FOXC2

Inclusion Criteria:

   - Patients enrolled in the proposed studies must be survivors of breast cancer at a time
   point at least 4 years following the initial surgery and radiotherapy for the disease.

   - Patients must have a history of unilateral axillary lymph node dissection.

   - Patients referred to, or that receive their care within the Stanford University Breast
   Cancer Program and the Stanford Center for Lymphatic and Venous Disorders.

   - Patients will be required to have the capacity to provide informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

   - Patients with other serious systemic illness (renal failure, hepatic dysfunction,
   congestive heart failure, neurological or psychological impairment) that would
   confound the study or impair the patients' ability to participate.

   - Patients will not be enrolled if they are taking drugs that affect carbohydrate
   metabolism.

   - Patients with recurrent breast cancer or other forms of pre-existing lymphedema will
   be ineligible.