Multicenter Perioperative Opioid Pharmacogenetic Study

The purpose of this research study is to identify factors and genes (the DNA material that determines the makeup of the human body) that may be associated with how children respond to pain medication. Specifically, the investigators want to study factors that may be associated with pain sensitivity, morphine requirement after surgery and side-effects from morphine and other pain medications. The investigators expect that the information obtained in this research study will help us to develop more effective, safe, and tailored treatment options in the future.