Busulfan, Melphalan, and Stem Cell Transplant After Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed High-Risk Neuroblastoma

Inclusion Criteria:

   - Patients must have a diagnosis of neuroblastoma (International Classification of
   Diseases for Oncology [ICD-O] morphology 9500/3) or ganglioneuroblastoma (nodular or
   intermixed) verified by histology or demonstration of clumps of tumor cells in bone
   marrow with elevated urinary catecholamine metabolites; patients with the following
   disease stages at diagnosis are eligible, if they meet the other specified criteria

   - Patients with newly diagnosed neuroblastoma with International Neuroblastoma Staging
   System (INSS) stage 4 are eligible with the following:

      - V-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma derived homolog (MYCN)
      amplification (> 4-fold increase in MYCN signals as compared to reference
      signals), regardless of age or additional biologic features or

      - Age > 18 months (> 547 days) regardless of biologic features or

      - Age 12-18 months (365-547 days) with any of the following 3 unfavorable biologic
      features (MYCN amplification, unfavorable pathology and/or deoxyribonucleic acid
      [DNA] index = 1) or any biologic feature that is
      indeterminate/unsatisfactory/unknown

   - Patients with newly diagnosed neuroblastoma with INSS stage 3 are eligible with the
   following:

      - MYCN amplification (> 4-fold increase in MYCN signals as compared to reference
      signals), regardless of age or additional biologic features or

      - Age > 18 months (> 547 days) with unfavorable pathology, regardless of MYCN
      status

   - Patients with newly diagnosed neuroblastoma with INSS stage 2A/2B with MYCN
   amplification (> 4-fold increase in MYCN signals as compared to reference signals),
   regardless of age or additional biologic features

   - Patients with newly diagnosed neuroblastoma with INSS stage 4S with MYCN amplification
   (> 4-fold increase in MYCN expression signals as compared to reference signals),
   regardless of additional biologic features

   - Patients >= 365 days initially diagnosed with neuroblastoma INSS stage 1, 2, 4S who
   progressed to a stage 4 without interval chemotherapy; these patients must have been
   enrolled on ANBL00B1; study enrollment on ANBL12P1 must occur within 4 weeks of
   progression to stage 4 for INSS stage 1, 2, 4S

   - Patients must not have had prior systemic therapy except for localized emergency
   radiation to sites of life-threatening or function-threatening disease and/or no more
   than 1 cycle of chemotherapy per a low or intermediate risk neuroblastoma regimen (as
   per P9641, A3961, ANBL0531, or similar) prior to determination of MYCN amplification
   status and histology

   - Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 70
   mL/min/1.73 m^2 or a serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows:

      - Age 1 month to < 6 months: 0.4 mg/dL

      - Age 6 months to < 1 year: 0.5 mg/dL

      - Age 1 to < 2 years: 0.6 mg/dL

      - Age 2 to < 6 years: 0.8 mg/dL

      - Age 6 to < 10 years: 1 mg/dL

      - Age 10 to < 13 years: 1.2 mg/dL

      - Age 13 to < 16 years: 1.5 mg/dL (males), 1.4 mg/dL (females)

      - Age >= 16 years: 1.7 mg/dL (males), 1.4 mg/dL (females)

   - Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age, and

   - Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) (aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) or
   serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) < 10 x
   ULN for age

   - Shortening fraction of >= 27% by echocardiogram, or

   - Ejection fraction of >= 50% by radionuclide evaluation

   - No known contraindication to peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection; examples of
   contraindications might be a weight or size less than that determined to be feasible
   at the collecting institution, or a physical condition that would limit the ability of
   the child to undergo apheresis catheter placement (if necessary) and/or the apheresis
   procedure

   - All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed
   consent

   - All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute
   (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met

Exclusion Criteria:

   - Patients that are 12-18 months of age with INSS stage 4 and all 3 favorable biologic
   features (ie, nonamplified MYCN, favorable pathology, and DNA index > 1) are not
   eligible

   - Female patients who are pregnant are ineligible

   - Lactating females are not eligible unless they have agreed not to breastfeed their
   infants

   - Female patients of childbearing potential are not eligible unless a negative pregnancy
   test result has been obtained

   - Sexually active patients of reproductive potential are not eligible unless they have
   agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study
   participation