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Inhaled Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Acute Plastic Bronchitis
Not Recruiting
Trial ID: NCT02315898
Purpose
Plastic bronchitis (PB) is a rare, most often pediatric disease characterized by the
formation of obstructive airway casts primarily composed of fibrin. There is presently no
FDA-approved pharmacotherapy for PB, but acute exacerbations of the illness are often treated
with inhaled tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). To date, this is done somewhat anecdotally
because there has been no safety or efficacy testing of this treatment. In addition, there is
presently no reliable surrogate marker of adverse drug events. Nevertheless, in the absence
of inhaled tPA treatment, PB-induced respiratory distress can be severe, often warranting
urgent or emergent bronchoscopy for cast removal, or can sometimes result in respiratory
failure. As such there is a significant unmet need for safety and efficacy testing of inhaled
tPA and for biomarkers of drug response.
Objectives and Endpoints: The objectives of this protocol are to: 1) test the safety and
efficacy of an inhaled tPA regimen in children with PB; and 2) identify potential candidate
biomarkers of inhaled tPA drug response. Safety endpoints will consist of the development of
new, active bleeding that is systemic and/or pulmonary and/or new hematuria (defined as gross
hematuria). Secondary endpoints of efficacy will also be measured (e.g., frequency of cast
production). Urine and blood will also be collected for the development of potential
biomarkers of inhaled tPA drug response.
Funding source- FDA OOPD
Official Title
Safety and Efficacy of Inhaled Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) for the Acute Treatment of Pediatric Plastic Bronchitis
Stanford Investigator(s)
Eligibility
Inclusion Criteria (patients with plastic bronchitis):
1. ≥ 5 years of age but ≤24 years of age and weigh at least 18.6 kg (41 lbs).
2. Patients with CHD that have a history of PB with previous airway cast production
and/or present with symptoms of an acute exacerbation (e.g., difficulty breathing,
dyspnea) of PB that requires hospitalization. An acute exacerbation of PB is defined
as either respiratory symptoms suspicious for airway cast formation and/or the
expectoration of, or a bronchoscopy retrieved, fibrin PB cast.
3. Patients without CHD that present with an acute exacerbation of PB, defined as the
expectoration of, or a bronchoscopy retrieved, fibrin PB cast that causes acute
respiratory distress (e.g., severe coughing, difficulty breathing, dyspnea) or a
history of PB with pathologic evidence of fibrin airway cast production. Either a cast
sample (at least ½ inch (~4cm)) or a pathology report that documents PB cast fibrin
content must be submitted to the UM pathology core.
4. Must be able to use a mouthpiece nebulizer.
5. Informed consent (with parental if age ≥14 years) or assent for age ≥10 and < 14 years
old with parental informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria (patients with plastic bronchitis):
1. Known contraindication(s) to the use of tPA, including:
- active internal bleeding;
- history of cerebrovascular accident;
- recent intracranial or intraspinal surgery or trauma;
- intracranial neoplasm, intracranial arteriovenous malformation or intracranial
aneurysm;
- known bleeding diathesis;
- and/or severe uncontrolled hypertension
2. Body weight >/= 100th percentile or BMI > 30
3. Known cystic fibrosis
4. Currently receiving dornase-alfa and/or inhaled unfractionated or low molecular weight
heparin and/or a direct acting oral anticoagulant (e.g., dabigatran, rivaroxaban)
- Inhaled unfractionated or low molecular weight heparin must be discontinued at
least 72h. Inhaled dornase alfa should be discontinued no later than the time of
the start of enrollment in the treatment phase. If the patient is receiving
inhaled tPA, this regimen must be discontinued and transitioned to the inpatient
dosing regimen (5mg Q6h) of study drug.
- Direct acting oral anticoagulants must be discontinued one week prior to the
start of enrollment in the treatment phase.
5. Protein losing enteropathy
6. Liver dysfunction (defined as ≥ 3X the normal levels of one or both liver
transaminases, AST and AST)
• Transaminase levels acquired within the last 9 months can be used to assess liver
function. If previously normal and there is no clinical indication that liver function
has worsened, the patient can be enrolled. If there are no transaminase values within
the last 9 months, they need to be acquired as part of screening
7. Need for concomitant intravenous or sub-cutaneous anti-coagulation with resulting
anti- Xa levels > 0.5 (low molecular weight heparins) or > 0.3 (unfractionated
heparin)
8. International normalized ratio (INR) > 2.0 if not receiving warfarin
9. Patients being actively treated for thrombosis
10. Concomitant use of a thienopyridine class antiplatelet agent (e.g., clopidogrel)
11. A platelet count of < 100,000 platelets/µL
12. A hematocrit <30%
13. Gross hematuria on screening urinalysis
14. Pregnant or lactating women (negative pregnancy test required for girls/women of
childbearing potential at the time of inhaled tPA administration). All women of child-
bearing potential must be willing to practice appropriate contraception throughout the
study.
15. Subjects who are known positive for, or are hospitalized with COVID-19 caused by the
new coronavirus, SARS CoV-2, at the start of the treatment phase.
16. Suspected or active concurrent infectious illness.
Inclusion Criteria for Healthy Controls
1. Healthy children ≥ 5 years of age but ≤18 years of age with no other underlying
concomitant illness or chronic medication use (with the exception of vitamin
supplements)
2. Weigh at least 18.6 kg (41 lbs)
Inclusion Criteria for Healthy non-PB Fontan Controls
1. Children ≥ 5 years of age but ≤18 years of age with uncomplicated Fontan physiology
with no history of PB, other Fontan-associated complications (e.g., hepatopathy, PLE),
or other concomitant illnesses (e.g., asthma).
2. Weigh at least 18.6 kg (41 lbs)
Inclusion Criteria for PLE Fontan Controls
1. Children ≥ 5 years of age but ≤18 years of age with Fontan physiology, no history of
PB and a diagnosis of PLE defined as clinically symptomatic hypoproteinemia and/or
enteral protein loss.
2. Weigh at least 18.6 kg (41 lbs)
Exclusion Criteria for Healthy, non-PB Fontan Controls and PLE Fontan Controls
1. Exceed the 100th percentile for body weight or have a BMI greater than 30.
2. History of post-operative chylothorax following any palliation surgery (except for PLE
controls).
3. Known liver dysfunction per medical record review (e.g., defined as ≥ 3X the normal
levels of one or both liver transaminases [ALT & AST])
4. COVID-19 positive within the last 14 days prior to the scheduled visit and/or the
presence of symptoms consistent with COVID-19 at the time of the visit
5. Suspected or active concurrent infectious illness
Intervention(s):
drug: Treatment-inhaled tPA
Not Recruiting
Contact Information
Stanford University
School of Medicine
300 Pasteur Drive
Stanford,
CA
94305
Melissa Jenkins
650-736-6588