Atezolizumab in Treating Patients With Recurrent BCG-Unresponsive Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

Not Recruiting

Trial ID: NCT02844816

Purpose

This phase II trial studies how well atezolizumab works in treating patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer that has come back (recurrent) and has not responded to treatment (refractory) with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as atezolizumab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread.

Official Title

Phase II Trial of Atezolizumab in BCG-Unresponsive Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

Stanford Investigator(s)

Eila C. Skinner
Eila C. Skinner

Thomas A. Stamey Research Professor of Urology

Eligibility


Inclusion Criteria:

   - Patients must have histologically proven, recurrent, non-muscle invasive urothelial
   carcinoma of the bladder within 60 days prior to registration; the carcinoma must be
   stage T1 high-grade, stage CIS, or stage Ta high-grade

   - Patients with mixed urothelial carcinoma and a glandular and/or squamous component
   will be eligible for the trial, but the presence of other histologic variants, pure
   adenocarcinoma, or pure squamous cell carcinoma, or pure squamous carcinoma in situ
   will make a patient ineligible

   - Patients must have had all visible tumor resected completely within 60 days prior to
   registration; CIS disease is not expected to be completely excised; all patients must
   have tumor tissue from the histologic diagnosis of recurrence available for central
   pathology review submission; failure to submit these materials will make the patient
   ineligible for this study

   - Patients must have had cystoscopy confirming no visible papillary tumor within 21 days
   prior to registration; (CIS disease is not expected to have been completely excised);
   if the transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) or bladder biopsy falls within
   21 days of registration it will fulfill this criterion

   - Patients must have had urine cytology within 21 days prior to registration; cytology
   for patients with CIS component is not expected to be negative for malignant cells; if
   the cytology for male patients with only Ta/T1 disease in the absence of CIS is
   positive for malignant cells, patient must have had a biopsy of the prostatic urethra
   within the previous six months

   - All patients with T1 urothelial carcinoma at study entry must undergo re-TURBT within
   60 days prior to registration, and must have evidence of uninvolved muscularis propria
   in the pathologic specimen from either the first or the second TURBT; tissue from the
   re-resection must be submitted for central review in addition to the tissue from the
   first TURBT; the TURBT that identified the recurrent T1 disease may have taken place
   more than 60 days prior to registration but not more than 120 days; patients with high
   grade Ta or CIS do not require a re-TURBT, but if this is performed at the discretion
   of the treating physician, the second TURBT must be within 60 days of registration;
   there is no requirement for muscularis propria in the specimen of Ta/CIS patients, but
   the tissue from the first and second TURBTs must be submitted for central review; if a
   patient with Ta/T1 disease undergoes repeat TURBT, the patient will be stratified as
   having CIS if there is CIS on either TURBT

   - Patients must not have had urothelial carcinoma in the prostatic urethra within the
   previous 24 months or muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder at any time;
   patients with prior urothelial carcinoma in the upper urinary tract within the
   previous 24 months will only be eligible if they had =< T1 carcinoma and were treated
   with nephroureterectomy; patients must have a computed tomography (CT) or magnetic
   resonance imaging (MRI) (including CT-intravenous pyelogram [IVP], CT-urogram or
   MR-urogram) of the abdomen and pelvis to rule out upper tract malignancy and
   intra-abdominal metastases within 90 days prior to registration; if a patient cannot
   tolerate intravenous contrast, a retrograde pyelogram should be performed within 90
   days prior to registration

   - Patients must be deemed unfit for radical cystectomy by the treating physician, or the
   patient must refuse radical cystectomy, which is considered standard of care for these
   patients; the reason for patients not to undergo cystectomy will be clearly documented

   - Patients must be BCG-unresponsive; a patient is BCG-unresponsive if they meet one or
   more of the following criteria:

      - Patient has persistent or recurrent high-grade Ta/CIS urothelial carcinoma after
      completing therapy with at least induction BCG (>= 5 doses) and first round
      maintenance (>= 2 doses) or second induction BCG (>= 2 doses); both rounds of BCG
      must have been administered within a 12 month period; these patients must have
      either had high-grade Ta tumors and did not achieve a disease-free state for more
      than 6 months following last dose of BCG, or they had CIS and did not achieve a
      CR; S1605 registration must occur within 9 months of the last dose of BCG

         - If a patient does not meet these criteria only because the last dose of BCG
         was more than 9 months ago, the patient may become eligible if he/she shows
         histologically proven high-grade recurrence after an additional round of
         induction or maintenance BCG (>= 3 doses) within 9 months prior to
         registration

      - Patient has persistent or recurrent high grade T1 urothelial carcinoma after
      completing therapy with at least induction BCG (>= 5 doses); patients with
      recurrent high grade T1 urothelial carcinoma after additional rounds of BCG will
      also be eligible, but one round of maintenance therapy or a second induction is
      not a pre-requisite for these patients. Trial registration must occur within 9
      months of the last dose of BCG

         - If a patient does not meet these criteria only because the last dose of BCG
         was more than 9 months ago, the patient may become eligible if he/she shows
         histologically proven high grade recurrence after an additional round of
         induction or maintenance BCG (>= 3 doses) within 9 months prior to
         registration

      - Patient achieves disease-free state at 6 month time point (i.e., complete
      response; presence of only low-grade tumor at this timepoint is still considered
      complete response) after induction and maintenance (or second round of induction)
      BCG but later experiences a high-grade Ta/T1 recurrence (with or without
      concomitant CIS) within 6 months after the last dose of BCG or recurrent CIS (in
      absence of concomitant Ta/T1 tumor) within 12 months after the last BCG dose; the
      time of eligibility is measured from the last dose of BCG to the time of disease
      recurrence; the patient must be registered on the trial within 60 days of this
      recurrence, or within 60 days of a re-TURBT if indicated

   - All adverse events associated with any prior surgery and intravesical therapy must
   have resolved to grade =< 2 prior to registration

   - Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1,500 microliter (mcL) (within 42 days prior to
   registration)

   - Platelets >= 100,000/mcL (within 42 days prior to registration)

   - Hemoglobin >= 9 g/dL (within 42 days prior to registration)

   - Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (IULN) (except Gilbert's
   syndrome, who must have a total bilirubin < 3.0 mg/dL) (within 42 days prior to
   registration)

   - Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 2 x IULN (within
   42 days prior to registration)

   - Serum creatinine =< 1.5 ULN OR measured or calculated creatinine clearance >= 30
   mL/min (within 42 days prior to registration)

   - Patients must have Zubrod performance status =< 2

   - Patients must have a baseline electrocardiograph (ECG) performed within 42 days prior
   to registration

   - Patients positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are eligible only if they
   have all of the following:

      - A stable regimen of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART)

      - No requirement for concurrent antibiotics or antifungal agents for the prevention
      of opportunistic infections

      - A CD4 count above 250 cells/mcL and an undetectable HIV viral load on standard
      PCR-based tests

   - No other prior malignancy is allowed except, for the following: adequately treated
   basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer, in situ cervical cancer, adequately treated
   stage I or II cancer from which the patient is currently in complete remission, or any
   other cancer from which the patient has been disease free for five years

   - Patients must be offered the opportunity to participate in specimen banking for future
   studies, to include translational medicine studies

   - Patients must be informed of the investigational nature of this study and must sign
   and give written informed consent in accordance with institutional and federal
   guidelines

   - As a part of the oncology patient enrollment network (OPEN) registration process the
   treating institution's identity is provided in order to ensure that the current
   (within 365 days) date of institutional review board approval for this study has been
   entered in the system

Exclusion Criteria:

   - Patients must not have had prior systemic chemotherapy for bladder cancer or systemic
   immunotherapy, including, but not limited to interferon alfa-2b, high dose interleukin
   2 (IL-2), pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN), PD-1, anti-PD-L1, intra-tumoral; patients
   must not have had vaccine therapies within 6 weeks prior to registration; patients
   must not have received or be planning to receive any of the prohibited therapies
   during protocol treatment; prior intravesical administration of chemotherapy,
   interferon, Vicinium (VB4-485), BC-819 or Instiladrin (rAd-interferon-alpha/Syn3) is
   allowed if all other criteria are met and the last administration was >= 30 days
   before registration

   - Patients must not be planning to receive concomitant other biologic therapy, radiation
   therapy, intravesical chemotherapy, surgery, or other anti-cancer therapy while on
   this protocol

   - Patients must not have received any prior radiation to the bladder for bladder cancer

   - Patients must not have received treatment with systemic immunosuppressive medications
   (including, but not limited to, prednisone, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine,
   methotrexate, thalidomide, and anti-tumor necrosis factor [anti-TNF] agents) within 4
   weeks prior to registration; exceptions: (1) patients may have received acute, low
   dose, systemic immunosuppressant medications (e.g., a one-time dose of dexamethasone
   for nausea); (2) the use of inhaled corticosteroids and mineralocorticoids (e.g.,
   fludrocortisone) for patients with orthostatic hypotension or adrenocortical
   insufficiency is allowed

   - Patients must not have received a live, attenuated vaccine within 4 weeks before
   registration or anticipation that such a live, attenuated vaccine will be required
   during the study and up to 5 months after the last dose of atezolizumab

      - Influenza vaccination should be given during influenza season only (approximately
      October to March); patients must not receive live, attenuated influenza vaccine
      within 4 weeks prior to cycle 1, day 1 or at any time during the study

   - Patients must not require treatment with a RANKL inhibitor (e.g. denosumab) who cannot
   discontinue it before treatment with atezolizumab

   - Patient must not have history of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonitis (including
   drug induced), organizing pneumonia (i.e., bronchiolitis obliterans, cryptogenic
   organizing pneumonia, etc.), or evidence of active pneumonitis

   - Patients must not have an active infection requiring oral or IV antibiotics within 14
   days prior to registration; patients receiving prophylactic antibiotics (e.g., for
   prevention of a urinary tract infection or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) are
   eligible

   - Patients must not have severe infections within 28 days prior to registration,
   including but not limited to hospitalization for complications of infection,
   bacteremia, or severe pneumonia

   - Patients must not have active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment
   in past two years (i.e., with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids or
   immunosuppressive drugs); replacement therapy (e.g., thyroxine, insulin, or
   physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency,
   etc.) is not considered a form of systemic treatment; autoimmune diseases include, but
   are not limited to, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory
   bowel disease, vascular thrombosis associated with antiphospholipid syndrome,
   Wegener's granulomatosis, Sjogren's syndrome, Bell's palsy, Guillain-Barre syndrome,
   multiple sclerosis, autoimmune thyroid disease, vasculitis, or glomerulonephritis

   - Patients must not have undergone prior allogeneic bone marrow transplantation or prior
   solid organ transplantation

   - Patient must not have active tuberculosis

   - Patients must not have active hepatitis B (chronic or acute) or active hepatitis C
   infection

      - Patients with past or resolved hepatitis B infection (defined as having a
      negative hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] test and a positive anti-HBc
      [antibody to hepatitis B core antigen] antibody test) are eligible

      - Patients positive for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody are eligible only if
      polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is negative for HCV RNA

   - Patients must not be pregnant or nursing due to the potential teratogenic side effects
   of the protocol treatment; administration of atezolizumab may have an adverse effect
   on pregnancy and poses a risk to the human fetus, including embryo-lethality; women of
   child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or
   barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry, for the duration of
   study participation, and for 5 months (150 days) after the last dose of study agent; a
   woman is considered to be of "reproductive potential" if she has had menses at any
   time in the preceding 12 consecutive months; should a woman become pregnant or suspect
   she is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study, she should
   inform her treating physician immediately

   - Due to the potential drug reaction with atezolizumab, patients must not be known to be
   allergic to Chinese hamster egg or ovaries

Intervention(s):

drug: Atezolizumab

Not Recruiting

Contact Information

Stanford University
School of Medicine
300 Pasteur Drive
Stanford, CA 94305
CCTO
650-498-7061

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