Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy or Conventional Radiation Therapy After Surgery in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer

Inclusion Criteria:

   - PRIOR TO STEP 1 REGISTRATION

   - Adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated primarily with radical prostatectomy

      - Any type of radical prostatectomy will be permitted, including retropubic,
      perineal, laparoscopic, or robotically assisted; there is no time limit for the
      date of radical prostatectomy

   - One of the following pathologic T-classifications: pT2 or pT3

      - Patients with positive surgical margins are eligible

   - One of the following pathologic N-classifications: pN0, pNX

      - If a lymph node dissection is performed, the number of lymph nodes removed per
      side of the pelvis and the extent of the pelvic lymph node dissection (obturator
      versus (vs.) extended lymph node dissection) should be noted whenever possible

   - No clinical evidence of regional lymph node metastasis

      - Computed tomography (CT) (with contrast if renal function is acceptable; a
      noncontrast CT is permitted if the patient is not a candidate for contrast),
      magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nodal sampling, or dissection of the pelvis
      within 120 days prior to step 1 registration

      - Patients with pelvic lymph nodes equivocal or questionable by imaging are
      eligible if the nodes are =< 1 cm in the short axis

   - A post-radical prostatectomy study entry PSA >= 45 days after prostatectomy and within
   30 days prior to step 1, < 2.0 ng/mL

   - No evidence of a local recurrence in the prostate fossa based on a digital rectal
   examination (DRE) within 60 days prior to step 1 registration

      - Patients with equivocal or questionable DRE findings should have an MRI of the
      pelvis to exclude the presence of a prostate fossa mass

      - Patients with equivocal or questionable exam findings by DRE or MRI are eligible
      if a biopsy of the lesion is negative for tumor

   - No evidence of bone metastases (M0) on bone scan (Na F positron emission tomography
   (PET)/CT is an acceptable substitute) within 120 days prior to step 1 registration

      - Equivocal bone scan findings are allowed if plain films and/or MRI are negative
      for metastasis

   - Zubrod performance status 0-1 within 60 days prior to step 1 registration

   - The patient or a legally authorized representative must provide study-specific
   informed consent prior to step 1 registration

   - Willingness and ability to complete the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite
   (EPIC-26) questionnaire

   - Only English and French-speaking patients are eligible to participate

   - PRIOR TO STEP 2 REGISTRATION

   - The EPIC-26 must be completed in full and entered within 10 business days after step 1
   registration; NRG Oncology Statistical and Data Management Center has 3 business days
   to score the results and send a notification to the site to proceed to step 2
   randomization

Exclusion Criteria:

   - A post-prostatectomy PSA nadir >= 0.2 ng/mL AND Gleason >= 7

   - pT2 with a negative surgical margin and PSA < 0.1 ng/mL

   - Androgen deprivation therapy started prior to prostatectomy for > 6 months (180 days)
   duration;

      - Note: The use of finasteride or dutasteride (? tamsulosin) for longer periods
      prior to prostatectomy is acceptable

   - Androgen deprivation therapy started after prostatectomy and prior to step 1
   registration for > 6 weeks (42 days)

   - Neoadjuvant chemotherapy before or after prostatectomy

   - Prior invasive (except non-melanoma skin cancer) malignancy unless disease-free for a
   minimum of 3 years and not in the pelvis; (for example, carcinoma in situ of the oral
   cavity is permissible if disease free for a minimum of 3 years; however, patients with
   prior history of bladder cancer are not allowed no matter the disease free duration);
   prior hematological (e.g., leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma) malignancy is not allowed

   - Previous chemotherapy for any other disease site if given within 3 years prior to step
   1

   - Prior radiotherapy, including brachytherapy, to the region of the study cancer that
   would result in overlap of radiation therapy treatment volumes

   - Severe, active co-morbidity, defined as follows:

      - Unstable angina and/or congestive heart failure requiring hospitalization within
      the last 6 months

      - Transmural myocardial infarction within the last 6 months

      - Acute bacterial or fungal infection requiring intravenous antibiotics at the time
      of step 1 registration

      - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation or other respiratory illness
      requiring hospitalization or precluding study therapy at the time of step 1
      registration

      - Severe hepatic disease, defined as a diagnosis of Child-Pugh class B or C hepatic
      disease

      - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive with CD4 count < 200
      cells/microliter; note that patients who are HIV positive are eligible, provided
      they are under treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and
      have a CD4 count >= 200 cells/microliter within 30 days prior to registration;
      note also that HIV testing is not required for eligibility for this protocol

      - End-stage renal disease (ie, on dialysis or dialysis has been recommended)

   - Prior allergic reaction to the study drugs involved in this protocol

   - History of inflammatory bowel disease, prior bowel surgeries (or colostomy) for any
   reason, or prior partial/radical cystectomy for any reason