Reading in Preterm and Full-term Children: Neural Basis and Prediction

Inclusion Criteria:

   - Pre-terms: PT children born <35 weeks gestation and weighing <2000 grams at birth.

   - Full-term: FT participants will be healthy children born ≥ 36 weeks gestation and
   weighing ≥ 2750 grams, who are developing typically per pediatrician well-visit report
   and match the PT group on age, gender, and SES.

Exclusion Criteria:

   - Congenital anomalies or recognizable malformation syndromes

   - Mother's self-reported use of illicit drugs or alcohol during pregnancy;

   - Birth weight <3rd %tile (small for gestational age, SGA) according to gestational age
   specific growth curves;

   - Serious neurological problems including active seizure disorder (afebrile seizure
   within the last year) and/or anticonvulsant medication use, history of a central
   nervous system infections, or ventriculoperitoneal shunt for treatment for
   hydrocephalus

   - IQ < 70 on the testing of this study because we would expect language delays in this
   group;

   - Sensori-neural hearing loss, defined as 4-tone pure-tone average > 25 decibels as
   assessed at any time because hearing loss compromises language and reading
   development;

   - Visual impairments that would interfere with the ability to read; (8) presence of any
   other health condition that might compromise academic functioning (FT only).

   - Any child who has not been learning English either at home or at school for at least 2
   years