Combination Chemotherapy and Surgery in Treating Young Patients With Wilms Tumor

Inclusion Criteria:

* The patient must have one of the following conditions to be eligible:

* Synchronous bilateral Wilms tumors\*\*; or
* Unilateral Wilms tumor and aniridia, Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome, idiopathic hemihypertrophy, Simpson-Golabi-Behmel-Syndrome, Denys-Drash Syndrome or other associated genitourinary anomalies associated with bilateral Wilms tumor, such as hypospadias and undescended testis (to be eligible, these patients must not undergo any nephrectomy at diagnosis; note-horseshoe kidney is not associated with bilateral Wilms tumor and these patients should go on the appropriate unilateral Wilms tumor study); or
* Multicentric Wilms tumor (any age) (to be eligible, these patients must not undergo any nephrectomy at diagnosis); or
* Unilateral Wilms tumor with contralateral nephrogenic rest(s) (any size) in a child under one year of age (to be eligible, these patients must not undergo any nephrectomy at diagnosis); or
* Diffuse hyperplastic perilobar nephroblastomatosis (unilateral or bilateral) defined by central radiological review; or
* Wilms tumor arising in a solitary kidney (patients with metachronous Wilms tumor are not eligible)

* The AREN0534 study uses the guideline that Wilms tumor with a single lesion 1 cm or greater in the contralateral kidney or multiple lesions (of any size) in the contralateral kidney should be treated on the synchronous bilateral Wilms tumor stratum; patients with an isolated lesion less than 1 cm in the contralateral kidney should be treated on the appropriate study for unilateral Wilms tumor OR on the unilateral Wilms tumor/contralateral nephrogenic rest stratum of this study if they have not undergone nephrectomy and are under one year of age
* Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) results-which are used in the unilateral Wilms tumor studies-are not a requirement for enrollment on AREN0534; blood samples can be submitted but will not be used to direct AREN0534 therapy
* Specimens/materials must be submitted for central review by day 7; for enrollment on AREN0534, unless a biopsy was done, the submission requirements at enrollment on AREN03B2 refer to imaging studies; tissue samples are only required if a surgical procedure (biopsy or nephrectomy) was performed at the time of enrollment on AREN03B2
* Patients must begin protocol therapy on AREN0534 by day 14 following surgery or diagnosis by initial computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), unless medically contraindicated
* Karnofsky performance status must be \>= 50% for patients \> 16 years of age and Lansky performance status must be \>= 50% (for patients =\< 16 years of age
* Patients must not have received systemic chemotherapy or radiation therapy prior to treatment on this study
* Patients with unilateral Wilms tumor and aniridia, Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome, idiopathic hemihypertrophy, Simpson-Golabi-Behmel-Syndrome, Denys-Drash Syndrome or other associated genitourinary anomalies; or multicentric or unilateral Wilms tumor with contralateral nephrogenic rest(s) (any size) in a child under 1 year of age who undergo a nephrectomy at diagnosis are not eligible for this study and should be directed to a unilateral Wilms tumor study
* Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
* Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) (aspartate aminotransferase \[AST\]) or serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase \[ALT\]) \< 2.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
* Shortening fraction \>= 27% by echocardiogram, OR ejection fraction \>= 50% by radionuclide angiogram

* (Cardiac function does not need to be assessed in patients who will not receive doxorubicin as part of their initial therapy on this study \[i.e., patients who start on regimen EE-4A\])
* Female patients of childbearing age must have a negative pregnancy test
* Female patients who are lactating must agree to stop breastfeeding
* Sexually active patients of childbearing potential must agree to use effective contraception
* All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent
* All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met
* No concurrent aprepitant