Improving Cognition Via Exercise in Schizophrenia

Inclusion Criteria:

   - A DSM-V diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective, or schizophreniform disorder.

   - Age 18-55 years.

   - Taking antipsychotic medication for at least 8 weeks and on current doses for 4 weeks,
   and/or injectable depot antipsychotics with no change in the last 3 months.

   - Capacity to understand all the potential risks and benefits of the study.

   - Medically cleared by a physician to take part in VO2max tests and aerobic exercise
   training or stretching-and-toning exercise training.

Exclusion Criteria:

   - A DSM-V diagnosis of alcohol/substance abuse (except nicotine) within the last month
   or a diagnosis of alcohol/substance dependence (except nicotine) within the last 6
   months

   - Initiation of anti-depressants, mood stabilizers, or other medications known to impact
   cognition in previous 4 weeks or any change in doses during this period.

   - History of seizures/head trauma with loss of consciousness (>10 minutes) resulting in
   cognitive sequelae.

   - Significant clinical abnormalities in physical examination, lab assessments, or ECG.

   - Neurological/medical conditions that could interfere with study participation (e.g.,
   unstable cardiac disease, stuttering).

   - Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 40.

   - Untreated hyper- or hypothyroidism.

   - Being pregnant or nursing.

   - Serious homicidal/suicidal risk (past 6 months).

   - "Moderate" or more severe conceptual disorganization (PANSS≥4).

   - Poor English reading ability (WTAR<7).

   - Participation in a study with cognitive assessment in the past 3 months.

   - Serious homicidal risk (past 6 months)