Quantifying Collateral Perfusion in Cerebrovascular Disease-Moyamoya Disease and Stroke Patients

Inclusion Criteria:

Moyamoya Patient Inclusion Criteria:

* Men and non-pregnant women, at least 21 years of age.
* Outpatients seen at the Stanford Neurosurgery and Neurology Departments.
* Ability to comply with all studies.
* Inclusion of Moyamoya patients with Sulfa allergies.
* Patients diagnosed with or suspected to have Moyamoya disease.

Stroke Patient Inclusion Criteria:

* Men and non-pregnant women, at least 21 years of age.
* Patients admitted to the inpatient Stanford Stroke Service for stroke-like symptoms, less than 24 hours from last time seen normal.
* Ability to comply with all studies.

Clinical Patient Acetazolamide MRI Inclusion Criteria:

* Men and non-pregnant women, at least 21 years of age.
* Patients admitted to the inpatient Stanford Stroke Service or Neurosurgical -Service for symptoms compatible with cerebrovascular disease.
* Ability to comply with all studies.

Normal Subject Inclusion Criteria:

* Ability to comply with the MRI study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Level of consciousness score of 2 or greater as defined by the NIH stroke scale.
* Symptoms likely related to psychoactive drugs or patients with symptoms related to an active inflammatory disease such as AIDS, meningitis, or cerebritis.
* Psychiatric or substance abuse disorder or dementia that interferes with evaluation or interpretation of the neurologic and mental assessment of these patients.
* Informed consent cannot be obtained either from the patient or legal representative.
* Severe coexisting or terminal systemic disease that limits life expectancy or that may interfere with the conduct of the study.
* Symptoms related to an alternative diagnosis such as seizures or migraine.
* Patients receiving any thrombolytic agent or receiving acute stroke investigational drug therapies during the 30-day study.