Study of Non-Invasive Regional Oxygen Saturations in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Cardiac Catheterization

Inclusion Criteria:

* The subject is male or female;
* The subject is of any racial or ethnic group;
* The subject is between 0 days and 12 years of age;
* Is less than 40 kg;
* The subject is scheduled for a cardiac catheterization for treatment or diagnosis of a cardiovascular disease;
* The scheduled cardiac catheterization includes catheter placements in the central venous circulation and central arterial circulation, or catheter placement in the central venous circulation with a pre-existing arterial catheter;
* The subject is American Society Anesthesiologist (ASA) status 1 through 4; and
* The subject's legally authorized representative has given written informed consent to participate in the study and, when appropriate, the subject has given assent to participate.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Is greater than twelve (12) years of age;
* Has pre-existing allergies to adhesive tapes or adhesives on neonatal ECG pads;
* Has pre-existing skin condition at the site where the Nonin cerebral oximeter sensor will be placed (e.g., eczema, dermatitis);
* Has craniofacial disease preventing application of the sensor to the forehead;
* Has sickle cell anemia or other hemoglobinopathy;
* Has disease of the cerebrovasculature including the jugular or carotid vessels;
* Was previously on ECMO involving the carotid or jugular vessels that could have resulted in disease or ligation;
* Is not able to be in a supine position with cardiac catheterization laboratory table angle zero degrees with a neutral neck position at zero degrees rotation;
* Has acute neurological injury (seizure, stroke, encephalopathy, meningoencephalitis currently or within the past 10 days), or a structural brain lesion (eg, arteriovenous malformation, cyst) in the optical field beneath the sensor;
* Has an emergency, life-threatening condition (American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical status 5 or 6) impacting the ability to obtain informed consent;
* Or has another condition, which in the opinion of the principal investigator would not be suitable for participation in the study.